Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 66
She told her friend to stay far back in the places already conquered, while she fought with a bamboo knife in one hand and her lightning skirt in the other.
Who acts: Hiiaka, places · What happens: tell, stay, conquer, fight · To what, where: friend, places, one hand · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 told | nsubj |
| 2 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 friend | nmod:poss |
| 4 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 told | iobj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 stay | mark |
| 6 | stay | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 told | ccomp |
| 7 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 8 back | advmod |
| 8 | back | back | ADV | _ | 6 stay | advmod |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 places | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 places | det |
| 11 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 stay | obl |
| 12 | already | already | ADV | _ | 13 conquered | advmod |
| 13 | conquered | conquer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 places | acl:relcl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 fought | punct |
| 15 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 17 fought | mark |
| 16 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 fought | nsubj |
| 17 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 told | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 knife | case |
| 19 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 knife | det |
| 20 | bamboo | bamboo | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 knife | compound |
| 21 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fought | obl |
| 22 | in | in | ADP | _ | 24 hand | case |
| 23 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 hand | nummod |
| 24 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 fought | obl |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 skirt | cc |
| 26 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 28 skirt | nmod:poss |
| 27 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 skirt | compound |
| 28 | skirt | skirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 hand | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 other | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 other | det |
| 31 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 skirt | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | Hiiaka | Hiiaka's friend | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | stay not said to happen | to-infinitive | the places | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location | |||||
| 3 | conquer | past | the places not said here | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | fight | past | Hiiaka | one hand and Hiiaka's lightning skirt in the other | with a bamboo knife | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with knife=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/66/