Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 74
He saw that they were dead without showing deep injury, and wondered how they had been killed.
Who acts: Many, ewa · What happens: see, be, show, wonder, kill · To what, where: deep injury, ewa · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many, ewa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 saw | nsubj |
| 2 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 6 dead | mark |
| 4 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 dead | nsubj |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 dead | cop |
| 6 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 saw | ccomp |
| 7 | without | without | SCONJ | _ | 8 showing | mark |
| 8 | showing | show | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 saw | advcl |
| 9 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 injury | amod |
| 10 | injury | injury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 showing | obj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 wondered | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 wondered | cc |
| 13 | wondered | wonder | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 saw | conj |
| 14 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 killed | advmod |
| 15 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 killed | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 killed | aux |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 killed | aux:pass |
| 18 | killed | kill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 wondered | ccomp |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | Many | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is | past | ewa | dead property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | show | gerund | Many not said here | deep injury | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent injury=Recipient | ||||
| 4 | wonder speech: ask | past | Many not said here | vn care-88.1-1 «NP V what S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 5 | kill | past · perfect · passive | ewa | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/74/