Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 77
Again she struggled bitterly against the multitude of foes, but she was very, very tired and her arms sometimes refused to lift her knife and skirt.
Who acts: road, arms · What happens: struggle, be, refuse, not lift · To what, where: knife
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (road, arms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADV | _ | 3 struggled | advmod |
| 2 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 struggled | nsubj |
| 3 | struggled | struggle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | bitterly | bitterly | ADV | _ | 3 struggled | advmod |
| 5 | against | against | ADP | _ | 7 multitude | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 multitude | det |
| 7 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 struggled | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 foes | case |
| 9 | foes | foe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 multitude | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 tired | punct |
| 11 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 tired | cc |
| 12 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 tired | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 tired | cop |
| 14 | very | very | ADV | _ | 17 tired | advmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 tired | punct |
| 16 | very | very | ADV | _ | 17 tired | advmod |
| 17 | tired | tired | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 struggled | parataxis |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 refused | cc |
| 19 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 arms | nmod:poss |
| 20 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 refused | nsubj |
| 21 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 22 refused | advmod |
| 22 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 tired | conj |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 lift | mark |
| 24 | lift | lift | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 refused | xcomp |
| 25 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 knife | nmod:poss |
| 26 | knife | knife | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 lift | obj |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 skirt | cc |
| 28 | skirt | skirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 knife | conj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 struggled | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | struggle | past | road | again | against the multitude of foes; bitterly property | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | is | past | road | tired property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | refuse | past | road's arms | sometimes property | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not lift | to-infinitive | road's arms not said here | road's knife and skirt | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent knife=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/77/