Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 93
The Ho-ai-ku, as the legends say, went down and swallowed Pana-ewa, eating him up.
Who acts: legends · What happens: say, go down, swallow, eat up · To what, where: Pana ewa, Ho, ai ku · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (legends), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ku | det |
| 2 | Ho | Ho | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 ku | nsubj |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 Ho | punct |
| 4 | ai | ai | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 ku | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 ku | punct |
| 6 | ku | ku | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 say | punct |
| 8 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 11 say | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 legends | det |
| 10 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 say | nsubj |
| 11 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 ku | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 went | punct |
| 13 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 say | ccomp |
| 14 | down | down | ADV | _ | 13 went | advmod |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 swallowed | cc |
| 16 | swallowed | swallow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 went | conj |
| 17 | Pana | Pana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 ewa | compound |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 Pana | punct |
| 19 | ewa | ewa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 swallowed | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 eating | punct |
| 21 | eating | eat | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 swallowed | advcl |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 eating | obj |
| 23 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 eating | compound:prt |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 ku | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the legends | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | go down | past | down property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | |||||
| 3 | swallow | past | Pana ewa | vn gobble-39.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ewa=Patient | |||||
| 4 | eat up | gerund | Ho | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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