Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), How Hiiaka Found Wahine-omao, sentence 26
A troublesome journey is before us beyond the waters of Hilo and the kupuas [demons] dwelling there and along the hard paths over the cliffs of the seacoast even to the steady blowing winds of Kohala.”
Who acts: troublesome journey, kupuas · What happens: be, dwell, wind · To what, where: Kohala
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Hiiaka Found Wahine-omao. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (troublesome journey, kupuas), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 journey | det |
| 2 | troublesome | troublesome | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 journey | amod |
| 3 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 us | nsubj |
| 4 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 us | cop |
| 5 | before | before | ADP | _ | 6 us | case |
| 6 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 36 winds | nsubj |
| 7 | beyond | beyond | ADP | _ | 9 waters | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 waters | det |
| 9 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 us | nmod |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 Hilo | case |
| 11 | Hilo | Hilo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 waters | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 kupuas | cc |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 kupuas | det |
| 14 | kupuas | kupua | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 Hilo | conj |
| 15 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 16 demons | punct |
| 16 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 kupuas | appos |
| 17 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 16 demons | punct |
| 18 | dwelling | dwell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 kupuas | acl |
| 19 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 dwelling | advmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 paths | cc |
| 21 | along | along | ADP | _ | 24 paths | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 paths | det |
| 23 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 paths | amod |
| 24 | paths | path | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 Hilo | conj |
| 25 | over | over | ADP | _ | 27 cliffs | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 cliffs | det |
| 27 | cliffs | cliff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 paths | nmod |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 seacoast | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 seacoast | det |
| 30 | seacoast | seacoast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cliffs | nmod |
| 31 | even | even | ADV | _ | 36 winds | advmod |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 winds | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 winds | det |
| 34 | steady | steady | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 winds | amod |
| 35 | blowing | blowing | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 winds | amod |
| 36 | winds | wind | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 Kohala | case |
| 38 | Kohala | Kohala | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 winds | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 36 winds | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 winds | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | a troublesome journey | before us | beyond the waters of Hilo and the kupuas and the hard paths over the cliffs of the seacoast | tree rules | |||
| 2 | dwell | gerund | the kupuas not said here | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | wind | Kohala | nom wind «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/17/26/