Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), How Hiiaka Found Wahine-omao, sentence 5
While Hiiaka was journeying through the lower part of the forest which she had freed from demons, the Guardian of Ferns said: “I hear the grunting of a pig, but cannot tell whether it is before us or on one side.
Who acts: Hiiaka, Guardian · What happens: journey, free, say, hear, not tell, be · To what, where: lower part, forest, grunting · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Hiiaka Found Wahine-omao. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, Guardian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | While | while | SCONJ | _ | 4 journeying | mark |
| 2 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 journeying | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 journeying | aux |
| 4 | journeying | journey | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 said | advcl |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 8 part | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 part | det |
| 7 | lower | low | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 8 part | amod |
| 8 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 journeying | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 forest | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 forest | det |
| 11 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 part | nmod |
| 12 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 freed | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 freed | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 freed | aux |
| 15 | freed | free | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 forest | acl:relcl |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 demons | case |
| 17 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 freed | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 journeying | punct |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 Guardian | det |
| 20 | Guardian | guardian | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 said | nsubj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 Ferns | case |
| 22 | Ferns | fern | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 Guardian | nmod |
| 23 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 24 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 27 hear | punct |
| 25 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 27 hear | punct |
| 26 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 27 hear | nsubj |
| 27 | hear | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 23 said | ccomp |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 grunting | det |
| 29 | grunting | grunting | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 hear | obj |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 pig | case |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 pig | det |
| 32 | pig | pig | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 grunting | nmod |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 tell | punct |
| 34 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 tell | cc |
| 35 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 tell | aux |
| 36 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 37 tell | advmod |
| 37 | tell | tell | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 hear | conj |
| 38 | whether | whether | SCONJ | _ | 42 us | mark |
| 39 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 42 us | nsubj |
| 40 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 42 us | cop |
| 41 | before | before | ADP | _ | 42 us | case |
| 42 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 37 tell | iobj |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 46 side | cc |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 side | case |
| 45 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 46 side | nummod |
| 46 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 us | conj |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | journey | past · progressive | Hiiaka | the lower part of the forest | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through part=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | free | past · perfect · passive | the forest | from demons; Hiiaka nsubj:pass | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Source | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | the Guardian of Ferns | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | hear in a quote | present | the Guardian of Ferns = guardian | the grunting of a pig | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer grunting=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | not tell speech: assert in a quote | can | the Guardian of Ferns = guardian not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient | |||||
| 6 | is in a quote | present | Guardian | before us | one side conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/17/5/