Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, sentence 40
It was badly torn by the rough coral and the face had been bitten by eels.
Who acts: rough coral, eels · What happens: tear, bite · To what, where: heana, face
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (rough coral, eels), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 torn | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 torn | aux:pass |
| 3 | badly | badly | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 torn | advmod |
| 4 | torn | tear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 coral | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 coral | det |
| 7 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 coral | amod |
| 8 | coral | coral | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 torn | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 bitten | cc |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 face | det |
| 11 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 bitten | nsubj:pass |
| 12 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 bitten | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 bitten | aux:pass |
| 14 | bitten | bite | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 torn | conj |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 16 eels | case |
| 16 | eels | eel | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 bitten | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 torn | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tear | past · passive | the rough coral | heana | badly property | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | bite | past · perfect · passive | eels | the face | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/18/40/