Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, sentence 85
The ghost leaped up to the mouth and eyes—choking noises were made—the eyes opened faintly and closed again, but the ghost was entirely in the body.
Who acts: eyes, ghost · What happens: leap up, choke, make, open, close, be · To what, where: ghost, mouth, body
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (eyes, ghost), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 ghost | det |
| 2 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 made | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 ghost | acl |
| 4 | up | up | ADP | _ | 3 leaped | compound:prt |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 mouth | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 mouth | det |
| 7 | mouth | mouth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 leaped | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 eyes | cc |
| 9 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 mouth | conj |
| 10 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 noises | punct |
| 11 | choking | choke | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 noises | amod |
| 12 | noises | noise | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 made | nsubj:pass |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 made | aux:pass |
| 14 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 15 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 18 opened | punct |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 eyes | det |
| 17 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 opened | nsubj |
| 18 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 made | parataxis |
| 19 | faintly | faintly | ADV | _ | 18 opened | advmod |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 closed | cc |
| 21 | closed | close | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 opened | conj |
| 22 | again | again | ADV | _ | 21 closed | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 body | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 31 body | cc |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ghost | det |
| 26 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 body | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 body | cop |
| 28 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 31 body | advmod |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 body | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 body | det |
| 31 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 made | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | leap up | participle | the ghost not said here | the mouth and eyes | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to mouth=Destination | ||||
| 2 | choke | gerund | vn die-42.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | make | past · passive | the ghost | choking noises nsubj:pass | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | ||||
| 4 | open | past | the eyes | faintly property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | close | participle | the eyes not said here | again | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 6 | is | past | the ghost | the body | entirely property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/18/85/