Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, sentence 1
Kupuas were legendary monsters which could change themselves into human beings at will.
Who acts: Kupuas, legendary monsters · What happens: be, change · To what, where: legendary monsters, monsters, human beings
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kupuas, legendary monsters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kupuas | Kupuas | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 monsters | nsubj |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 monsters | cop |
| 3 | legendary | legendary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 monsters | amod |
| 4 | monsters | monster | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 7 change | nsubj |
| 6 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 change | aux |
| 7 | change | change | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 monsters | acl:relcl |
| 8 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 7 change | obj |
| 9 | into | into | ADP | _ | 11 beings | case |
| 10 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 beings | amod |
| 11 | beings | being | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 change | obl |
| 12 | at | at | ADP | _ | 13 will | case |
| 13 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 7 change | advcl |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 monsters | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Kupuas | legendary monsters | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | change | could | legendary monsters | monsters = monster | into human beings result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient into being=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/19/1/