Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, sentence 13
Peculiar rocks, trees, precipices, waterfalls, birds, indeed everything with or without life, might be given human and supernatural power and called kupuas.
What happens: give, call · To what, where: Peculiar rocks, kupuas · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Peculiar | peculiar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 rocks | compound |
| 2 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 given | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 trees | punct |
| 4 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rocks | conj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 precipices | punct |
| 6 | precipices | precipice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rocks | conj |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 waterfalls | punct |
| 8 | waterfalls | waterfall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rocks | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 birds | punct |
| 10 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rocks | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 everything | punct |
| 12 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 13 everything | advmod |
| 13 | everything | everything | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Tot | 2 rocks | conj |
| 14 | with | with | ADP | _ | 17 life | case |
| 15 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 16 without | cc |
| 16 | without | without | ADP | _ | 14 with | conj |
| 17 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 everything | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 rocks | punct |
| 19 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 21 given | aux |
| 20 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 21 given | aux:pass |
| 21 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 22 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 power | amod |
| 23 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 supernatural | cc |
| 24 | supernatural | supernatural | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 human | conj |
| 25 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 given | obj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 called | cc |
| 27 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 given | conj |
| 28 | kupuas | kupua | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 called | obj |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 given | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | might · passive | Peculiar rocks everything with life and trees and precipices and waterfalls and birds | human power obj | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient power=Theme | ||||
| 2 | call | past | kupuas | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent kupua=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/19/13/