Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, sentence 25
The girls made ready to leap and swim, when suddenly Makaukiu appeared just below the surface, catching and shaking the leaves.
Who acts: girls, Makaukiu · What happens: make, leap, swim, appear, catch, shake · To what, where: surface, leaves
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (girls, Makaukiu), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 girls | det |
| 2 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 made | nsubj |
| 3 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | ready | ready | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 made | xcomp |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 leap | mark |
| 6 | leap | leap | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 ready | xcomp |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 swim | cc |
| 8 | swim | swim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 leap | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 appeared | punct |
| 10 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 13 appeared | mark |
| 11 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 13 appeared | advmod |
| 12 | Makaukiu | Makaukiu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 appeared | nsubj |
| 13 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 made | parataxis |
| 14 | just | just | ADV | _ | 17 surface | advmod |
| 15 | below | below | ADP | _ | 17 surface | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 surface | det |
| 17 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 appeared | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 catching | punct |
| 19 | catching | catch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 appeared | advcl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 shaking | cc |
| 21 | shaking | shake | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 catching | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 leaves | det |
| 23 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 shaking | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | the girls | ready property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | leap | to-infinitive | the girls not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | swim | infinitive | the girls not said here | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | appear | past | Makaukiu | the surface | suddenly property | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme below surface=Location | |||
| 5 | catch | gerund | Makaukiu not said here | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 6 | shake | gerund | Makaukiu not said here | the leaves | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent leaf=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/19/25/