Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas, sentence 33
The Hawaiians say that the desire for battle was burning in the heart of Hiiaka and she longed to kill Mahiki, who lived near Waipio Valley—one of the most beautiful of all the valleys of the Hawaiian Islands.
Who acts: Hawaiians, desire, Mahiki · What happens: say, burn, long, kill, live · To what, where: heart, Mahiki, one, Waipio Valley · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka and the Seacoast Kupuas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hawaiians, desire, Mahiki), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Hawaiians | det |
| 2 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 say | nsubj |
| 3 | say | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 10 burning | mark |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 desire | det |
| 6 | desire | desire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 burning | nsubj |
| 7 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 battle | case |
| 8 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 desire | nmod |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 burning | aux |
| 10 | burning | burn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 say | ccomp |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 heart | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 heart | det |
| 13 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 burning | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Hiiaka | case |
| 15 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 heart | nmod |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 longed | cc |
| 17 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 longed | nsubj |
| 18 | longed | long | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 burning | conj |
| 19 | to | to | PART | _ | 20 kill | mark |
| 20 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 18 longed | xcomp |
| 21 | Mahiki | Mahiki | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 kill | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 lived | punct |
| 23 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 lived | nsubj |
| 24 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 Mahiki | acl:relcl |
| 25 | near | near | ADP | _ | 27 Valley | case |
| 26 | Waipio | Waipio | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Valley | compound |
| 27 | Valley | Valley | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 lived | obl |
| 28 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 one | punct |
| 29 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 lived | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 beautiful | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 beautiful | det |
| 32 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 33 beautiful | advmod |
| 33 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 one | acl:relcl |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 valleys | case |
| 35 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 valleys | det:predet |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 valleys | det |
| 37 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 beautiful | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 Islands | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 Islands | det |
| 40 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Islands | compound |
| 41 | Islands | Island | PROPN | Number=Plur | 37 valleys | nmod |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 say | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | the Hawaiians | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | burn | past · progressive | the desire for battle | the heart of Hiiaka | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heart=Location | ||||
| 3 | long | past | desire | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | kill not said to happen | to-infinitive | desire not said here | Mahiki | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mahiki=Theme | ||||
| 5 | live | past | Mahiki | one | Waipio Valley | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near valley=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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