Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Hawaiian Islands, sentence 3
The islands for the first four hundred miles are large and mountainous, but as the chain is followed toward the end, the islands quickly become mere bluffs rising out of the sea, or low coral islands which have been built on the rims of submerged volcanoes.
Who acts: islands, mere bluffs · What happens: be, follow, become, rise, build, submerge · To what, where: end, mere bluffs, sea, low coral islands, rims
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (islands, mere bluffs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 islands | det |
| 2 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 large | nsubj |
| 3 | for | for | ADP | _ | 8 miles | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 miles | det |
| 5 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 miles | amod |
| 6 | four | four | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 7 hundred | compound |
| 7 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 8 miles | nummod |
| 8 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 islands | nmod |
| 9 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 large | cop |
| 10 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 mountainous | cc |
| 12 | mountainous | mountainous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 large | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 followed | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 19 followed | cc |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 chain | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 chain | det |
| 17 | chain | chain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 followed | obl |
| 18 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 followed | aux:pass |
| 19 | followed | follow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 large | advcl |
| 20 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 22 end | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 end | det |
| 22 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 followed | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 become | punct |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 islands | det |
| 25 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 become | nsubj |
| 26 | quickly | quickly | ADV | _ | 27 become | advmod |
| 27 | become | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 large | conj |
| 28 | mere | mere | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 bluffs | amod |
| 29 | bluffs | bluff | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 become | xcomp |
| 30 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 29 bluffs | acl |
| 31 | out | out | ADP | _ | 34 sea | case |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 sea | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 sea | det |
| 34 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rising | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 islands | punct |
| 36 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 39 islands | cc |
| 37 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 islands | amod |
| 38 | coral | coral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 islands | amod |
| 39 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 bluffs | conj |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 built | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 built | aux |
| 42 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 43 built | aux:pass |
| 43 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 islands | acl:relcl |
| 44 | on | on | ADP | _ | 46 rims | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 rims | det |
| 46 | rims | rim | NOUN | Number=Plur | 43 built | obl |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 volcanoes | case |
| 48 | submerged | submerge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 49 volcanoes | amod |
| 49 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 rims | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 large | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the islands for the first hundred miles | large property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | be | the islands for the first hundred miles not said here | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | follow | present · passive | the islands for the first hundred miles not said here | toward the end | as the chain | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP PP.location»: toward end=Trajectory | |||
| 4 | become | present | the islands | mere bluffs or low coral islands | quickly property | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | |||
| 5 | rise | gerund | mere bluffs or low coral islands not said here | the sea | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent out sea=Location | ||||
| 6 | build | present · perfect · passive | low coral islands | the rims of submerged volcanoes | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme on rim=Source | ||||
| 7 | submerge | participle | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/2/3/