Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Hawaiian Islands, sentence 37
The early Hawaiians incorporated in their legends various theories to explain these great phenomena of nature, many of which are included in this volume, especially those legends which cluster around Pele, the great goddess of fire, and Hiiaka, her sister, goddess of lightning.
Who acts: Hiiaka · What happens: incorporate, explain, include, goddess · To what, where: early Hawaiians, legends, great phenomena, many, volume
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Hawaiians | det |
| 2 | early | early | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 Hawaiians | amod |
| 3 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 4 incorporated | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | incorporated | incorporate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 legends | case |
| 6 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 legends | nmod:poss |
| 7 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 incorporated | obl |
| 8 | various | various | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 theories | amod |
| 9 | theories | theory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 legends | conj |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 explain | mark |
| 11 | explain | explain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 theories | acl |
| 12 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 14 phenomena | det |
| 13 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 phenomena | amod |
| 14 | phenomena | phenomena | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 explain | obj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 16 nature | case |
| 16 | nature | nature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 phenomena | nmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 included | punct |
| 18 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 included | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 which | case |
| 20 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 18 many | nmod |
| 21 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 included | aux:pass |
| 22 | included | include | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 legends | acl |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 volume | case |
| 24 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 volume | det |
| 25 | volume | volume | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 included | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 legends | punct |
| 27 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 29 legends | advmod |
| 28 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 29 legends | det |
| 29 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 volume | conj |
| 30 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 31 cluster | det |
| 31 | cluster | cluster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 legends | appos |
| 32 | around | around | ADP | _ | 33 Pele | case |
| 33 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 cluster | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 goddess | punct |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 goddess | det |
| 36 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 goddess | amod |
| 37 | goddess | goddess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 cluster | conj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 fire | case |
| 39 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 goddess | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 goddess | punct |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 goddess | cc |
| 42 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 goddess | nsubj |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 sister | punct |
| 44 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 sister | nmod:poss |
| 45 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 Hiiaka | appos |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 goddess | punct |
| 47 | goddess | goddess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 incorporated | obl |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 lightning | case |
| 49 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 goddess | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 incorporated | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | incorporate | participle · passive | the early Hawaiians | Hawaiians's legends and various theories | vn amalgamate-22.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 2 | explain speech: assert | to-infinitive | this great phenomena of nature | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent phenomena=Topic | |||||
| 3 | include | present · passive | many | in this volume and that legends goal | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme in volume=Goal | ||||
| 4 | goddess | Hiiaka | of lightning | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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