Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pili and Noho, sentence 115
Then they began to get up and sticks of all kinds fell upon them again, forcing Hiiaka over the precipice.
Who acts: hills, sticks · What happens: begin, get up, fall, force · To what, where: Hiiaka, precipice
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pili and Noho. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hills, sticks), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 began | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 began | nsubj |
| 3 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 get | mark |
| 5 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 began | xcomp |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 get | compound:prt |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 fell | cc |
| 8 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 fell | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 kinds | case |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 kinds | det |
| 11 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 sticks | nmod |
| 12 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 began | conj |
| 13 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 14 them | case |
| 14 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 fell | obl |
| 15 | again | again | ADV | _ | 12 fell | advmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 forcing | punct |
| 17 | forcing | force | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 fell | advcl |
| 18 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 forcing | obj |
| 19 | over | over | ADP | _ | 21 precipice | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 precipice | det |
| 21 | precipice | precipice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 forcing | obl |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | hills = hill | then | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | get up | to-infinitive | hills = hill not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 3 | fall | past | sticks of all kinds | again | upon hills = hill | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon they=Location | |||
| 4 | force | gerund | sticks of all kinds not said here | Hiiaka | the precipice | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hiiaka=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/20/115/