Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pili and Noho, sentence 12
Hiiaka ordered the dragons to prepare her way, but they refused.
Who acts: Hiiaka, dragons · What happens: order, prepare, refuse · To what, where: dragons, way
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pili and Noho. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, dragons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 ordered | nsubj |
| 2 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 dragons | det |
| 4 | dragons | dragon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 ordered | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 prepare | mark |
| 6 | prepare | prepare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 ordered | xcomp |
| 7 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 way | nmod:poss |
| 8 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 prepare | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 refused | punct |
| 10 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 12 refused | cc |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 refused | nsubj |
| 12 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 ordered | conj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 ordered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | order | past | Hiiaka | the dragons | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent dragon=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | prepare not said to happen | to-infinitive | Hiiaka not said here | other's way | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Patient | ||||
| 3 | refuse | past | dragons = dragon | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/20/12/