Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pili and Noho, sentence 16
A chief laughed at Hiiaka, saying, “These are dragon-gods, and yet you dispute with them!”
Who acts: chief, These, you · What happens: laugh, say, be, dispute · To what, where: Hiiaka, dragon gods · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pili and Noho. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chief, These, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 laughed | nsubj |
| 3 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | at | at | ADP | _ | 5 Hiiaka | case |
| 5 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 laughed | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 saying | punct |
| 7 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 laughed | advcl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 gods | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 gods | punct |
| 10 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 14 gods | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 gods | cop |
| 12 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 gods | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 dragon | punct |
| 14 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 saying | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 dispute | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 dispute | cc |
| 17 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 19 dispute | advmod |
| 18 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 19 dispute | nsubj |
| 19 | dispute | dispute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | parataxis |
| 20 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 them | case |
| 21 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 dispute | obl |
| 22 | ! | ! | PUNCT | _ | 3 laughed | punct |
| 23 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh | past | a chief | Hiiaka | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | say speech: express | gerund | a chief not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | is a in a quote | present | These | dragon gods | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | dispute in a quote | present | you | yet | with gods = god | vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with they=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/20/16/