Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pili and Noho, sentence 166
The following prayer was offered to the au-makuas, or ghost-gods, residing in cloud-land and revealing themselves in different cloud forms:
What happens: follow, offer, reside, reveal · To what, where: following prayer, au makuas, cloud land, gods, different cloud forms
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pili and Noho. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 prayer | det |
| 2 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 prayer | amod |
| 3 | prayer | prayer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 offered | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 offered | aux:pass |
| 5 | offered | offer | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 makuas | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 makuas | det |
| 8 | au | au | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 makuas | compound |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 au | punct |
| 10 | makuas | makua | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 offered | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 gods | punct |
| 12 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 15 gods | cc |
| 13 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 gods | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 ghost | punct |
| 15 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 offered | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 residing | punct |
| 17 | residing | reside | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 offered | advcl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 21 land | case |
| 19 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 land | compound |
| 20 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 19 cloud | punct |
| 21 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 residing | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 revealing | cc |
| 23 | revealing | reveal | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 17 residing | conj |
| 24 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 23 revealing | obj |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 forms | case |
| 26 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 forms | amod |
| 27 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 forms | compound |
| 28 | forms | form | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 revealing | obl |
| 29 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 5 offered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | offer | past · passive | the following prayer | to the au makuas goal; ghost gods obl | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: subject=Theme to makua=Goal | ||||
| 3 | reside | gerund | cloud land | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in land=Location | |||||
| 4 | reveal | gerund | gods = god | different cloud forms | vn confess-37.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/20/166/