Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 19
Keoua heard of the attack on his home, therefore he gave the fish-ponds and fertile lands of Hilo to some of his chiefs and hastened to cross the island with his army by way of a path near the volcano Kilauea.
Who acts: Keoua · What happens: hear, give, hasten, cross · To what, where: home, fish ponds, some, island
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keoua), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Keoua | Keoua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 attack | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 attack | det |
| 5 | attack | attack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obl |
| 6 | on | on | ADP | _ | 8 home | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 home | nmod:poss |
| 8 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obl |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 gave | punct |
| 10 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 12 gave | advmod |
| 11 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 gave | nsubj |
| 12 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | parataxis |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 ponds | det |
| 14 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 ponds | compound |
| 15 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 14 fish | punct |
| 16 | ponds | pond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 gave | obj |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 lands | cc |
| 18 | fertile | fertile | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 lands | amod |
| 19 | lands | land | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 ponds | conj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Hilo | case |
| 21 | Hilo | Hilo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 lands | nmod |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 23 some | case |
| 23 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 12 gave | obl |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 chiefs | case |
| 25 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 chiefs | nmod:poss |
| 26 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 some | nmod |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 hastened | cc |
| 28 | hastened | hasten | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 gave | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 cross | mark |
| 30 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 hastened | xcomp |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 island | det |
| 32 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cross | obj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 army | case |
| 34 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 army | nmod:poss |
| 35 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cross | obl |
| 36 | by | by | ADP | _ | 37 way | case |
| 37 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 cross | obl |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 40 path | case |
| 39 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 40 path | det |
| 40 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 way | nmod |
| 41 | near | near | ADP | _ | 43 volcano | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 volcano | det |
| 43 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 path | nmod |
| 44 | Kilauea | Kilauea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 volcano | appos |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Keoua | Keoua's home | of the attack | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of attack=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | give | past | Keoua | the fish ponds and fertile lands of Hilo | some of Keoua's chiefs | therefore property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent pond=Theme to some=Recipient | ||
| 3 | hasten | participle | Keoua not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | cross | to-infinitive | Keoua not said here | the island | with Keoua's army; by way of a path near the volcano | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent island=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/21/19/