Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 29
Mona, one of the army, who saw all this but who escaped, said that one of the chiefesses was ill and some hundreds of the army had delayed their journey to guard her and so escaped this death.”
Who acts: army, Mona, one, hundreds · What happens: see, escape, say, be, delay, guard · To what, where: this, hundreds, Mona, death · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (army, Mona, one, hundreds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mona | Mona | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 said | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 one | punct |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 1 Mona | appos |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 army | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 army | det |
| 6 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 one | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 saw | punct |
| 8 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 saw | nsubj |
| 9 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 army | acl:relcl |
| 10 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 11 this | det:predet |
| 11 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 saw | obj |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 14 escaped | cc |
| 13 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 escaped | nsubj |
| 14 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 saw | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Mona | punct |
| 16 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 17 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 ill | mark |
| 18 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 ill | nsubj |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 chiefesses | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 chiefesses | det |
| 21 | chiefesses | chiefess | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 one | nmod |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 ill | cop |
| 23 | ill | ill | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 said | ccomp |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 delayed | cc |
| 25 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 26 hundreds | det |
| 26 | hundreds | hundred | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 delayed | nsubj:pass |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 army | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 army | det |
| 29 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 hundreds | nmod |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 delayed | aux |
| 31 | delayed | delay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 ill | conj |
| 32 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 journey | nmod:poss |
| 33 | journey | journey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 delayed | obj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 guard | mark |
| 35 | guard | guard | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 delayed | advcl |
| 36 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 guard | obj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 escaped | cc |
| 38 | so | so | ADV | _ | 39 escaped | advmod |
| 39 | escaped | escape | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 said | conj |
| 40 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 41 death | det |
| 41 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 escaped | obj |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
| 43 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 16 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the army | this | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer this=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | escape | past | who nsubj | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Mona | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | is | past | one of the chiefesses | ill property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | delay | past · perfect · passive | some hundreds of the army | hundreds's journey obj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | guard | to-infinitive | Mona | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Beneficiary | |||||
| 7 | escape | past | Mona not said here | this death | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme death=Initial_Location | ||||
| 8 | journey | hundreds = hundred | nom journey «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/21/29/