Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 34
In the morning Keoua and his companions were afraid to proceed and spent the day in trying to appease the goddess of the volcano, whom they supposed they had offended the day before by rolling stones into the crater.
Who acts: Keoua, companions · What happens: be, proceed, spend, try, appease, suppose · To what, where: goddess, companions, stones, crater · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Keoua, companions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 3 morning | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 morning | det |
| 3 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 afraid | obl |
| 4 | Keoua | Keoua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 afraid | nsubj |
| 5 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 companions | cc |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 companions | nmod:poss |
| 7 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 Keoua | conj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 afraid | cop |
| 9 | afraid | afraid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 proceed | mark |
| 11 | proceed | proceed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 afraid | xcomp |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 spent | cc |
| 13 | spent | spend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 afraid | conj |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 day | det |
| 15 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 spent | obj |
| 16 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 17 trying | mark |
| 17 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 spent | advcl |
| 18 | to | to | PART | _ | 19 appease | mark |
| 19 | appease | appease | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 17 trying | xcomp |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 goddess | det |
| 21 | goddess | goddess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 appease | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 volcano | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 volcano | det |
| 24 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 goddess | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 supposed | punct |
| 26 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 28 supposed | obj |
| 27 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 supposed | nsubj |
| 28 | supposed | suppose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 goddess | conj |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 offended | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 offended | aux |
| 31 | offended | offend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 supposed | ccomp |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 day | det |
| 33 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 offended | obl:unmarked |
| 34 | before | before | ADV | _ | 31 offended | advmod |
| 35 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 36 rolling | mark |
| 36 | rolling | roll | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 offended | advcl |
| 37 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 rolling | obj |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 crater | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 crater | det |
| 40 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 rolling | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 afraid | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | Keoua and Keoua's companions | morning | afraid property | tree rules | |||
| 2 | proceed | to-infinitive | Keoua and Keoua's companions not said here | vn begin-55.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | spend | past | Keoua and Keoua's companions not said here | day | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | try | gerund | Keoua and Keoua's companions not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | appease not said to happen | to-infinitive | Keoua and Keoua's companions not said here | the goddess of the volcano | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus goddess=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | suppose | past | companions = companion | the goddess of the volcano | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent whom=Attribute clause=Theme | ||||
| 7 | offend | past · perfect · passive | companions = companion | day | before property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer | |||
| 8 | roll | gerund | stones | the crater | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent stone=Theme into crater=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/21/34/