Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 15
If the shore end of a cave broke open, a fine outlet was made for the torrents which were hurled up through the opening in splendid fountains of spray.
Who acts: shore end · What happens: break, make, hurl up · To what, where: fine outlet, torrents, opening
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (shore end), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | If | if | SCONJ | _ | 8 broke | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 end | det |
| 3 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 end | compound |
| 4 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 broke | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 cave | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 cave | det |
| 7 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 end | nmod |
| 8 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | advcl |
| 9 | open | open | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 broke | xcomp |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 broke | punct |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 outlet | det |
| 12 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 outlet | amod |
| 13 | outlet | outlet | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 made | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 made | aux:pass |
| 15 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 16 | for | for | ADP | _ | 18 torrents | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 torrents | det |
| 18 | torrents | torrent | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 made | obl |
| 19 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 21 hurled | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 hurled | aux:pass |
| 21 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 torrents | acl:relcl |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 21 hurled | compound:prt |
| 23 | through | through | ADP | _ | 25 opening | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 opening | det |
| 25 | opening | opening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hurled | obl |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 28 fountains | case |
| 27 | splendid | splendid | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 fountains | amod |
| 28 | fountains | fountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 hurled | obl |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 spray | case |
| 30 | spray | spray | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 fountains | nmod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break a condition, not said to happen | past | the shore end of a cave | open property | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 2 | make | past · passive | a fine outlet | for the torrents | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: subject=Product for torrent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | hurl up | past · passive | the torrents | the opening | in splendid fountains of spray | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme through opening=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/22/15/