Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 30
They called to the au-makuas (ancestor ghost-gods), but without avail.
Who acts: powers · What happens: call · To what, where: avail, au makuas · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (powers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 called | nsubj |
| 2 | called | call | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 makuas | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 makuas | det |
| 5 | au | au | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 makuas | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 au | punct |
| 7 | makuas | makua | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 called | obl |
| 8 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 12 gods | punct |
| 9 | ancestor | ancestor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gods | compound |
| 10 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 gods | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 ghost | punct |
| 12 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 makuas | appos |
| 13 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 12 gods | punct |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 avail | punct |
| 15 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 avail | cc |
| 16 | without | without | ADP | _ | 17 avail | case |
| 17 | avail | avail | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 called | xcomp |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past | powers = power | avail | the au makuas | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to makua=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/22/30/