Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 48

Toward the close of the day they crossed steaming cracks and chasms and drew nearer to the foul-smelling, gaseous clouds of smoke which blew toward them from the great crater.

Who acts: road, smoke · What happens: cross, steam, draw, blow, cloud · To what, where: cracks, foul smelling, smoke

This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (road, smoke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Toward	toward	ADP	_	3 close	case
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 close	det
3	close	close	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 crossed	obl
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 day	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 day	det
6	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 close	nmod
7	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 crossed	nsubj
8	crossed	cross	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	steaming	steam	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 crossed	xcomp
10	cracks	crack	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 steaming	obj
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 chasms	cc
12	chasms	chasm	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 cracks	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 drew	cc
14	drew	draw	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	8 crossed	conj
15	nearer	near	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	14 drew	xcomp
16	to	to	ADP	_	20 smelling	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	20 smelling	det
18	foul	foul	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 smelling	compound
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 foul	punct
20	smelling	smelling	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 drew	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	23 clouds	punct
22	gaseous	gaseous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	23 clouds	amod
23	clouds	cloud	NOUN	Number=Plur	20 smelling	appos
24	of	of	ADP	_	25 smoke	case
25	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	23 clouds	nmod
26	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	27 blew	nsubj
27	blew	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	25 smoke	acl:relcl
28	toward	toward	ADP	_	29 them	case
29	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	27 blew	obl
30	from	from	ADP	_	33 crater	case
31	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	33 crater	det
32	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	33 crater	amod
33	crater	crater	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 blew	obl
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	8 crossed	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	cross	past	road			toward the close of the day	tree rules
2	steam	gerund	road not said here	cracks and chasms			vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent crack=Patient
3	draw	past	road not said here		the foul smelling	near property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to smelling=Destination
4	blow	past	smoke			toward road; from the great crater	vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from crater=Co-Patient
5	cloud			smoke			nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/48/

🌲 Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 48

The tree

Pragmatics

Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 48