Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 62
The priestess had seen printed pages or heard about them, so she drew out a piece of kapa, or paper made from the bark of trees, [22] and saying that this was a letter from Pele began to read or rather mumble an awful curse.
Who acts: priestess, this, saying · What happens: see, print, hear, draw out, make, say · To what, where: priestess, piece, paper, bark, letter, Pele · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (priestess, this, saying), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 priestess | det |
| 2 | priestess | priestess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 seen | aux |
| 4 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | printed | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 pages | amod | |
| 6 | pages | page | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 seen | obj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 8 heard | cc |
| 8 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 seen | conj |
| 9 | about | about | ADP | _ | 10 them | case |
| 10 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 heard | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 drew | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 drew | advmod |
| 13 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 drew | nsubj |
| 14 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 seen | parataxis |
| 15 | out | out | ADP | _ | 14 drew | compound:prt |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 piece | det |
| 17 | piece | piece | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 drew | obj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 kapa | case |
| 19 | kapa | kapa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 piece | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 paper | punct |
| 21 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 paper | cc |
| 22 | paper | paper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 drew | parataxis |
| 23 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 paper | acl |
| 24 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 bark | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 bark | det |
| 26 | bark | bark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 made | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 trees | case |
| 28 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 bark | nmod |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 22 | punct |
| 30 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 31 22 | punct |
| 31 | 22 | 22 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 drew | obl |
| 32 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 31 22 | punct |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 saying | cc |
| 34 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 42 began | csubj |
| 35 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 39 letter | mark |
| 36 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 39 letter | nsubj |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 letter | cop |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 letter | det |
| 39 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 saying | ccomp |
| 40 | from | from | ADP | _ | 41 Pele | case |
| 41 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 39 letter | nmod |
| 42 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 drew | conj |
| 43 | to | to | PART | _ | 44 read | mark |
| 44 | read | read | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 42 began | xcomp |
| 45 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 47 mumble | cc |
| 46 | rather | rather | ADV | _ | 47 mumble | advmod |
| 47 | mumble | mumble | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 read | conj |
| 48 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 50 curse | det |
| 49 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 curse | amod |
| 50 | curse | curse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 47 mumble | obj |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past · perfect · passive | the priestess | printed pages obj | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | participle | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||||
| 3 | hear | participle | about pages = page | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer about they=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | draw out | past | priestess | a piece of kapa | 22 obl; paper parataxis | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent piece=Theme | |||
| 5 | make | participle | paper not said here | the bark of trees | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset from bark=Material | ||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | gerund | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 7 | is a | past | this | a letter | Pele | tree rules | |||
| 8 | begin | past | saying | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 9 | read | to-infinitive | saying not said here | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 10 | mumble speech: other | infinitive | saying not said here | a awful curse | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent curse=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/62/