Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 82

As the morning light brought a wonderful view of the Lua Pele (The-pit-of-Pele) with its great masses of steam and smoke rising from the immense field of volcanic activity below, and as the rush of mighty waves of lava broke again and again against the black ledge with a roar exceeding that of a storm-driven surf beating upon rocky shores, and as fierce explosions of gases bursting from the underworld in a continual cannonade, deafened the ears of the company, Kapiolani prepared to go down to defy Pele.

Who acts: morning light, smoke, roar, driven surf, gases, Kapiolani · What happens: bring, rise, break, exceed, drive, beat · To what, where: wonderful view, immense field, black ledge, roar, rocky shores, underworld

This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (morning light, smoke, roar, driven surf), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	As	as	SCONJ	_	5 brought	mark
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 light	det
3	morning	morning	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 light	compound
4	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 brought	nsubj
5	brought	bring	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 view	det
7	wonderful	wonderful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 view	amod
8	view	view	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 brought	obj
9	of	of	ADP	_	12 Pele	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 Pele	det
11	Lua	Lua	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 Pele	compound
12	Pele	Pele	PROPN	Number=Sing	8 view	nmod
13	(	(	PUNCT	_	16 pit	punct
14	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 pit	det
15	-	-	PUNCT	_	14 The	punct
16	pit	pit	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 Pele	appos
17	-	-	PUNCT	_	20 Pele	punct
18	of	of	ADP	_	20 Pele	case
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	18 of	punct
20	Pele	Pele	PROPN	Number=Sing	16 pit	appos
21	)	)	PUNCT	_	16 pit	punct
22	with	with	ADP	_	25 masses	case
23	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	25 masses	nmod:poss
24	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	25 masses	amod
25	masses	mass	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 view	nmod
26	of	of	ADP	_	27 steam	case
27	steam	steam	NOUN	Number=Sing	25 masses	nmod
28	and	and	CCONJ	_	29 smoke	cc
29	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	27 steam	conj
30	rising	rise	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	29 smoke	acl
31	from	from	ADP	_	34 field	case
32	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	34 field	det
33	immense	immense	ADJ	Degree=Pos	34 field	amod
34	field	field	NOUN	Number=Sing	30 rising	obl
35	of	of	ADP	_	37 activity	case
36	volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	37 activity	amod
37	activity	activity	NOUN	Number=Sing	34 field	nmod
38	below	below	ADV	_	37 activity	advmod
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	49 broke	punct
40	and	and	CCONJ	_	49 broke	cc
41	as	as	ADP	_	43 rush	case
42	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	43 rush	det
43	rush	rush	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 broke	obl
44	of	of	ADP	_	46 waves	case
45	mighty	mighty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	46 waves	amod
46	waves	wave	NOUN	Number=Plur	43 rush	nmod
47	of	of	ADP	_	48 lava	case
48	lava	lava	NOUN	Number=Sing	46 waves	nmod
49	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 brought	parataxis
50	again	again	ADV	_	49 broke	advmod
51	and	and	CCONJ	_	52 again	cc
52	again	again	ADV	_	50 again	conj
53	against	against	ADP	_	56 ledge	case
54	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	56 ledge	det
55	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	56 ledge	amod
56	ledge	ledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	49 broke	obl
57	with	with	ADP	_	59 roar	case
58	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	59 roar	det
59	roar	roar	NOUN	Number=Sing	56 ledge	nmod
60	exceeding	exceed	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	59 roar	acl
61	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	60 exceeding	obj
62	of	of	ADP	_	67 surf	case
63	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	67 surf	det
64	storm	storm	NOUN	Number=Sing	66 driven	compound
65	-	-	PUNCT	_	64 storm	punct
66	driven	drive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	67 surf	amod
67	surf	surf	NOUN	Number=Sing	61 that	nmod
68	beating	beat	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	67 surf	acl
69	upon	upon	ADP	_	71 shores	case
70	rocky	rocky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	71 shores	amod
71	shores	shore	NOUN	Number=Plur	68 beating	obl
72	,	,	PUNCT	_	88 deafened	punct
73	and	and	CCONJ	_	88 deafened	cc
74	as	as	ADP	_	76 explosions	case
75	fierce	fierce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	76 explosions	amod
76	explosions	explosion	NOUN	Number=Plur	88 deafened	obl
77	of	of	ADP	_	78 gases	case
78	gases	gas	NOUN	Number=Plur	76 explosions	nmod
79	bursting	burst	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	78 gases	acl
80	from	from	ADP	_	82 underworld	case
81	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	82 underworld	det
82	underworld	underworld	NOUN	Number=Sing	79 bursting	obl
83	in	in	ADP	_	86 cannonade	case
84	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	86 cannonade	det
85	continual	continual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	86 cannonade	amod
86	cannonade	cannonade	NOUN	Number=Sing	79 bursting	obl
87	,	,	PUNCT	_	76 explosions	punct
88	deafened	deafen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	49 broke	conj
89	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	90 ears	det
90	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	88 deafened	obj
91	of	of	ADP	_	93 company	case
92	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	93 company	det
93	company	company	NOUN	Number=Sing	90 ears	nmod
94	,	,	PUNCT	_	96 prepared	punct
95	Kapiolani	Kapiolani	PROPN	Number=Sing	96 prepared	nsubj
96	prepared	prepare	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	88 deafened	conj
97	to	to	PART	_	98 go	mark
98	go	go	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	96 prepared	xcomp
99	down	down	ADV	_	98 go	advmod
100	to	to	PART	_	101 defy	mark
101	defy	defy	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	98 go	advcl
102	Pele	Pele	PROPN	Number=Sing	101 defy	obj
103	.	.	PUNCT	_	5 brought	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	bring	past	the morning light	a wonderful view of the Lua Pele			with light's great masses of steam and smoke	vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent view=Theme
2	rise	gerund	smoke not said here		the immense field of volcanic activity			vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from field=Initial_Location
3	break	past			the black ledge with a roar	again; again	as the rush of mighty waves of lava	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against ledge=Location
4	exceed	gerund	a roar not said here	a roar				vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot that=Theme
5	drive	participle					storm compound	vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent
6	beat	gerund	a driven surf not said here		rocky shores			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon shore=Location
7	burst	gerund	gases not said here		the underworld		in a continual cannonade	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cannonade=Location
8	deafen	past		the ears of the company			as fierce explosions of gases	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent ear=Patient
9	prepare	past	Kapiolani					vn hire-13.5.3 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Agent clause=Attribute
10	go down not said to happen	to-infinitive	Kapiolani not said here				down property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
11	defy	to-infinitive	Kapiolani not said here	Pele				tree rules
12	view			the Lua Pele			with light's great masses of steam and smoke	nom view «cognition transitive»: of=patient with=obl
13	rush			mighty waves of lava				nom rush «act transitive»: of=patient
14	wave			lava				nom wave «event transitive»: of=patient
15	explode			gases				nom explosion «event transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 82

The tree

Pragmatics

Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 82