Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Crack in the Floor of the Pacific, sentence 15
No one knows what mighty conflicts were fought between the two eternal enemies, fire and water; nor does anyone know how long they fought while these islands were being built into mountains, but there must have been ages when the skies were filled with rolling masses of clouds of steam sent up through boiling, turbulent waters with awful explosions of escaping gases before the dry land appeared on the face of the deep.
Who acts: one, anyone, conflicts, awful explosions, dry land · What happens: know, fight, build, be, fill, send up · To what, where: mighty conflicts, islands, mountains, ages, skies, clouds · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Crack in the Floor of the Pacific. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, anyone, conflicts, awful explosions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 2 one | det |
| 2 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 knows | nsubj |
| 3 | knows | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 8 fought | obj |
| 5 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 conflicts | amod |
| 6 | conflicts | conflict | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fought | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 fought | aux:pass |
| 8 | fought | fight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 knows | ccomp |
| 9 | between | between | ADP | _ | 13 enemies | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 enemies | det |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 enemies | nummod |
| 12 | eternal | eternal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 enemies | amod |
| 13 | enemies | enemy | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 fought | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 fire | punct |
| 15 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 enemies | conj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 water | cc |
| 17 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fire | conj |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 22 know | punct |
| 19 | nor | nor | CCONJ | Polarity=Neg | 22 know | cc |
| 20 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 know | aux |
| 21 | anyone | anyone | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | 22 know | nsubj |
| 22 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 knows | conj |
| 23 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 24 long | advmod |
| 24 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 26 fought | advmod |
| 25 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 fought | nsubj |
| 26 | fought | fight | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 22 know | ccomp |
| 27 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 32 built | mark |
| 28 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 29 islands | det |
| 29 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 built | nsubj:pass |
| 30 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 built | aux:pass |
| 31 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 built | aux:pass |
| 32 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 fought | advcl |
| 33 | into | into | ADP | _ | 34 mountains | case |
| 34 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 built | obl |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 filled | punct |
| 36 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 filled | cc |
| 37 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 39 have | expl |
| 38 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 have | aux |
| 39 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 46 filled | aux |
| 40 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 41 ages | cop |
| 41 | ages | age | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 have | obj |
| 42 | when | when | SCONJ | _ | 46 filled | mark |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 skies | det |
| 44 | skies | sky | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 filled | nsubj:pass |
| 45 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 46 filled | aux:pass |
| 46 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 knows | conj |
| 47 | with | with | ADP | _ | 49 masses | case |
| 48 | rolling | rolling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 masses | compound |
| 49 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 46 filled | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 clouds | case |
| 51 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 masses | nmod |
| 52 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 steam | case |
| 53 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 clouds | nmod |
| 54 | sent | send | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 51 clouds | acl |
| 55 | up | up | ADP | _ | 54 sent | compound:prt |
| 56 | through | through | ADP | _ | 57 boiling | case |
| 57 | boiling | boiling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 sent | obl |
| 58 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 60 waters | punct |
| 59 | turbulent | turbulent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 waters | amod |
| 60 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 masses | conj |
| 61 | with | with | ADP | _ | 63 explosions | case |
| 62 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 63 explosions | amod |
| 63 | explosions | explosion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 60 waters | nmod |
| 64 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 65 escaping | mark |
| 65 | escaping | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 63 explosions | acl |
| 66 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 escaping | obj |
| 67 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 71 appeared | mark |
| 68 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 70 land | det |
| 69 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 70 land | amod |
| 70 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 appeared | nsubj |
| 71 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 65 escaping | advcl |
| 72 | on | on | ADP | _ | 74 face | case |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 face | det |
| 74 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 appeared | obl |
| 75 | of | of | ADP | _ | 77 deep | case |
| 76 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 77 deep | det |
| 77 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 74 face | nmod |
| 78 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 knows | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | know | present | no one | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 2 | fight | past · passive | mighty conflicts | between the two eternal enemies and fire and water; what obj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | know | present · do-support | anyone | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | fight | past | conflicts = conflict | long property | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 5 | build | past · passive | this islands | mountains | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into mountain=Product | ||||
| 6 | is a | participle | ages | tree rules | |||||
| 7 | fill | infinitive · passive | the skies | with rolling masses of clouds of steam and turbulent waters with awful explosions | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Patient with mass=Instrument | ||||
| 8 | send up | participle | clouds of steam not said here | boiling | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 9 | escape | gerund | awful explosions not said here | gases | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme gas=Initial_Location | ||||
| 10 | appear | past | the dry land | the face of the deep | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on face=Location | ||||
| 11 | cloud | steam | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/25/15/