Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 27
This crater is a great caldron or pit crater, and has been known among the Hawaiians for centuries as Ka-Lua Pele (The Pit of Pele).
Who acts: crater · What happens: be, know · To what, where: great caldron
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (crater), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 crater | det |
| 2 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caldron | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 caldron | cop |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 caldron | det |
| 5 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 caldron | amod |
| 6 | caldron | caldron | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 9 crater | cc |
| 8 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 crater | compound |
| 9 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 caldron | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 known | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 known | cc |
| 12 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 known | aux |
| 13 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 known | aux:pass |
| 14 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 caldron | parataxis |
| 15 | among | among | ADP | _ | 17 Hawaiians | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Hawaiians | det |
| 17 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 14 known | obl |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 centuries | case |
| 19 | centuries | century | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 known | obl |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 23 Lua | case |
| 21 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Lua | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 Ka | punct |
| 23 | Lua | Lua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 known | obl |
| 24 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 Lua | flat |
| 25 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 27 Pit | punct |
| 26 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 Pit | det |
| 27 | Pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 Lua | appos |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 Pele | case |
| 29 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 Pit | nmod |
| 30 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 27 Pit | punct |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 caldron | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | this crater | a great caldron or pit crater | pit crater conj | tree rules | |||
| 2 | know | present · perfect · passive | century | among the Hawaiians; as Ka Lua | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: as lua=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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