Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 36
It is a precipice-walled bowl, three miles across, with a multitude of steam jets breaking through its vast floor and a great cloud of smoke rising from a pit in a black border-land of frozen lava.
Who acts: car, steam jets, great cloud · What happens: wall, be, break, rise, freeze, cloud · To what, where: walled bowl, vast floor, pit, smoke
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (car, steam jets, great cloud), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 bowl | nsubj |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 bowl | cop |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 bowl | det |
| 4 | precipice | precipice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 walled | compound |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 precipice | punct |
| 6 | walled | wall | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 bowl | amod |
| 7 | bowl | bowl | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 miles | punct |
| 9 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 miles | nummod |
| 10 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 bowl | conj |
| 11 | across | across | ADV | _ | 10 miles | advmod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 multitude | punct |
| 13 | with | with | ADP | _ | 15 multitude | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 multitude | det |
| 15 | multitude | multitude | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 bowl | conj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 jets | case |
| 17 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 jets | compound |
| 18 | jets | jet | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 multitude | nmod |
| 19 | breaking | break | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 jets | acl |
| 20 | through | through | ADP | _ | 23 floor | case |
| 21 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 floor | nmod:poss |
| 22 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 floor | amod |
| 23 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 breaking | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 cloud | cc |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 cloud | det |
| 26 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 cloud | amod |
| 27 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 multitude | conj |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 29 smoke | case |
| 29 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 cloud | nmod |
| 30 | rising | rise | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 cloud | acl |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 33 pit | case |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 pit | det |
| 33 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rising | obl |
| 34 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 land | case |
| 35 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 land | det |
| 36 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 land | amod |
| 37 | border | border | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 land | compound |
| 38 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 37 border | punct |
| 39 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 rising | obl |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 lava | case |
| 41 | frozen | freeze | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 42 lava | amod |
| 42 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 land | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 bowl | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | wall | participle | precipice compound | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | is a | present | car | a walled bowl and three miles and a multitude of steam jets and a great cloud of smoke | three miles conj; a multitude of steam jets and a great cloud of smoke conj | tree rules | |||
| 3 | break | gerund | steam jets not said here | car's vast floor | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through floor=Location | ||||
| 4 | rise | gerund | a great cloud of smoke not said here | a pit | in a black border land of frozen lava | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in land=Location | |||
| 5 | freeze | participle | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | cloud | smoke | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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