Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 53
An a-a flow is lava changed into bristling, ragged rocks, with innumerable fine sharp edges cutting like fragments of broken glass.
Who acts: flow, innumerable fine sharp edges · What happens: be, change, bristle, cut, break · To what, where: lava, ragged rocks
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (flow, innumerable fine sharp edges), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 flow | det |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 flow | det |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 flow | punct |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 flow | det |
| 5 | flow | flow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 lava | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 lava | cop |
| 7 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 lava | acl |
| 9 | into | into | SCONJ | _ | 10 bristling | mark |
| 10 | bristling | bristle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 changed | advcl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 rocks | punct |
| 12 | ragged | ragged | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 rocks | amod |
| 13 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bristling | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 edges | punct |
| 15 | with | with | ADP | _ | 19 edges | case |
| 16 | innumerable | innumerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 edges | amod |
| 17 | fine | fine | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 edges | amod |
| 18 | sharp | sharp | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 edges | amod |
| 19 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 rocks | conj |
| 20 | cutting | cut | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 edges | acl |
| 21 | like | like | ADP | _ | 22 fragments | case |
| 22 | fragments | fragment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 cutting | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 glass | case |
| 24 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 25 glass | amod |
| 25 | glass | glass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 fragments | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 lava | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | a flow | lava | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | change | participle | lava not said here | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | bristle | gerund | ragged rocks and innumerable fine sharp edges | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location rock=Theme | |||||
| 4 | cut | gerund | innumerable fine sharp edges not said here | like fragments of broken glass | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 5 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/26/53/