Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 51
This august glow was described by members of the “Challenger” expedition as “a globular cloud perpetually reformed by condensation, having a brilliant orange glow at night as if a fire were raging in the distance.”
Who acts: members, fire · What happens: describe, reform, have, rage · To what, where: august glow, globular cloud, brilliant orange glow · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (members, fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 glow | det |
| 2 | august | august | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 glow | amod |
| 3 | glow | glow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 described | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 described | aux:pass |
| 5 | described | describe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 members | case |
| 7 | members | member | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 described | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 expedition | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 expedition | det |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Challenger | punct |
| 11 | Challenger | Challenger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 expedition | compound |
| 12 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Challenger | punct |
| 13 | expedition | expedition | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 members | nmod |
| 14 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 cloud | case |
| 15 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 cloud | punct |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 cloud | det |
| 17 | globular | globular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 cloud | amod |
| 18 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 expedition | nmod |
| 19 | perpetually | perpetually | ADV | _ | 20 reformed | advmod |
| 20 | reformed | reform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 cloud | acl |
| 21 | by | by | ADP | _ | 22 condensation | case |
| 22 | condensation | condensation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 reformed | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 having | punct |
| 24 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 described | parataxis |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 glow | det |
| 26 | brilliant | brilliant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 glow | amod |
| 27 | orange | orange | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 glow | amod |
| 28 | glow | glow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 having | obj |
| 29 | at | at | ADP | _ | 30 night | case |
| 30 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 having | obl |
| 31 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 36 raging | mark |
| 32 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 36 raging | mark |
| 33 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 fire | det |
| 34 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 raging | nsubj |
| 35 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 raging | aux |
| 36 | raging | rage | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 having | advcl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 distance | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 distance | det |
| 39 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 raging | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 having | punct |
| 41 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 described | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | describe | past · passive | members of the Challenger expedition as a globular cloud | this august glow | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP to be ADJ»: agent=Agent subject=Theme clause=Attribute | ||||
| 2 | reform in a quote | participle | a globular cloud not said here | by condensation; perpetually property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | have in a quote | gerund | a brilliant orange glow | night | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glow=Patient | ||||
| 4 | rage in a quote | past · progressive | a fire | in the distance | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in distance=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/51/