Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 72
Dana says, “The columns of illuminated steam rose with fearful speed to a height of 14,000 to 17,000 feet and then spread out into a vast fiery cloud looking at night as if the heavens were on fire.”
Who acts: Dana, vast fiery cloud, heavens · What happens: say, illuminate, spread out, look, be · To what, where: columns, height, vast fiery cloud, fire · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Dana, vast fiery cloud, heavens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Dana | Dana | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 says | nsubj |
| 2 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 columns | punct |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 columns | punct |
| 5 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 columns | det |
| 6 | columns | column | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 says | obj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 rose | case |
| 8 | illuminated | illuminate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 rose | amod |
| 9 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 rose | compound |
| 10 | rose | rose | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 columns | nmod |
| 11 | with | with | ADP | _ | 13 speed | case |
| 12 | fearful | fearful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 speed | amod |
| 13 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 rose | nmod |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 height | case |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 16 height | det |
| 16 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 columns | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 feet | case |
| 18 | 14,000 | 14000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 21 feet | nummod |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 20 17,000 | case |
| 20 | 17,000 | 17,000 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 18 14,000 | nmod |
| 21 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 height | nmod |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 spread | cc |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 spread | advmod |
| 24 | spread | spread | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 says | conj |
| 25 | out | out | ADP | _ | 24 spread | compound:prt |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 30 cloud | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 cloud | det |
| 28 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 cloud | amod |
| 29 | fiery | fiery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 cloud | amod |
| 30 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 spread | obl |
| 31 | looking | look | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 30 cloud | acl |
| 32 | at | at | ADP | _ | 33 night | case |
| 33 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 looking | obl |
| 34 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 fire | mark |
| 35 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 40 fire | mark |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 heavens | det |
| 37 | heavens | heaven | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 fire | nsubj |
| 38 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 40 fire | cop |
| 39 | on | on | ADP | _ | 40 fire | case |
| 40 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 spread | advcl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 says | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Dana | the columns of illuminated steam rose with fearful speed | a height of 14,000 feet | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent column=Topic to height=Recipient | |||
| 2 | illuminate in a quote | participle | vn illustrate-25.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | spread out in a quote | infinitive | Dana not said here | a vast fiery cloud | then | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into cloud=Destination | |||
| 4 | look in a quote | gerund | a vast fiery cloud not said here | night | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | is in a quote | past | the heavens | fire | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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