Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 31
When first visited by the missionaries, there were many hilly islands, fountain cones, and hissing blowholes.
What happens: visit, hiss · To what, where: blowholes
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 visited | advmod |
| 2 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 3 visited | advmod |
| 3 | visited | visit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 missionaries | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 missionaries | det |
| 6 | missionaries | missionary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 visited | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 were | punct |
| 8 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 9 were | expl |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 missionaries | acl:relcl |
| 10 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 islands | amod |
| 11 | hilly | hilly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 islands | amod |
| 12 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 were | nsubj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 cones | punct |
| 14 | fountain | fountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cones | compound |
| 15 | cones | cone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 islands | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 hissing | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 hissing | cc |
| 18 | hissing | hiss | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 visited | conj |
| 19 | blowholes | blowhole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 hissing | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 visited | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | visit | participle | by the missionaries; first property | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | hiss | gerund | blowholes | vn manner_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blowhole=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/31/