Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 33
In 1890, when the writer first saw the home of the fire-goddess, there were three lakes through which eruptive gases burst with explosions like the continual rattle of artillery, and there were two great rivers of lava flowing across the wide, black floor of the vast crater.
Who acts: writer, three lakes, eruptive gases, two great rivers, lava, artillery · What happens: see, be, burst, flow, rattle · To what, where: home, 1890, three lakes, wide black floor
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (writer, three lakes, eruptive gases, two great rivers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 2 1890 | case |
| 2 | 1890 | 1890 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 saw | obl |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 1890 | punct |
| 4 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 8 saw | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 writer | det |
| 6 | writer | writer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 saw | nsubj |
| 7 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 8 saw | advmod |
| 8 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 home | det |
| 10 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 saw | obj |
| 11 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 goddess | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 goddess | det |
| 13 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 goddess | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 fire | punct |
| 15 | goddess | goddess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 home | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 were | punct |
| 17 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 18 were | expl |
| 18 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saw | conj |
| 19 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 20 lakes | nummod |
| 20 | lakes | lake | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 were | nsubj |
| 21 | through | through | ADP | _ | 22 which | case |
| 22 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 25 burst | obl |
| 23 | eruptive | eruptive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 gases | amod |
| 24 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 burst | nsubj |
| 25 | burst | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 20 lakes | acl:relcl |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 27 explosions | case |
| 27 | explosions | explosion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 burst | obl |
| 28 | like | like | ADP | _ | 31 rattle | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 rattle | det |
| 30 | continual | continual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 rattle | amod |
| 31 | rattle | rattle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 explosions | nmod |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 artillery | case |
| 33 | artillery | artillery | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 rattle | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 were | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 were | cc |
| 36 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 37 were | expl |
| 37 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 saw | conj |
| 38 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 rivers | nummod |
| 39 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 rivers | amod |
| 40 | rivers | river | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 were | nsubj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 lava | case |
| 42 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 rivers | nmod |
| 43 | flowing | flow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 42 lava | acl |
| 44 | across | across | ADP | _ | 49 floor | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 floor | det |
| 46 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 floor | amod |
| 47 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 wide | punct |
| 48 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 49 floor | amod |
| 49 | floor | floor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 flowing | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 53 crater | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 crater | det |
| 52 | vast | vast | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 53 crater | amod |
| 53 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 floor | nmod |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | the writer | the home of the fire goddess | 1890 | first property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer home=Stimulus | ||
| 2 | be | past | three lakes | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | burst | present | eruptive gases | three lakes | with explosions like the continual rattle of artillery | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through which=Location | |||
| 4 | be | past | two great rivers of lava | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | flow | gerund | lava not said here | the wide black floor of the vast crater | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 6 | rattle | artillery | nom rattle «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/33/