Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Foundation of the Observatory, sentence 18
The near-by harbor at Hilo is only thirty-one miles distant; it may be reached by railroad and a good drive-way, and Honolulu, a centre of traffic and science, is easily reached in a day.
Who acts: near harbor, railroad · What happens: be, reach · To what, where: harbor, Honolulu
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Foundation of the Observatory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (near harbor, railroad), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 harbor | det |
| 2 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 harbor | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 harbor | punct |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 harbor | case |
| 5 | harbor | harbor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 distant | nsubj |
| 6 | at | at | ADP | _ | 7 Hilo | case |
| 7 | Hilo | Hilo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 harbor | nmod |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 14 distant | cop |
| 9 | only | only | ADV | _ | 12 one | advmod |
| 10 | thirty | thirty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 one | compound |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 10 thirty | punct |
| 12 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 miles | nummod |
| 13 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 distant | obl:unmarked |
| 14 | distant | distant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 19 reached | punct |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 reached | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 19 reached | aux |
| 18 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 19 reached | aux:pass |
| 19 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 distant | parataxis |
| 20 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 railroad | case |
| 21 | railroad | railroad | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 reached | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 way | cc |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 way | det |
| 24 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 way | amod |
| 25 | drive | drive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 way | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 drive | punct |
| 27 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 railroad | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 reached | punct |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 reached | cc |
| 30 | Honolulu | Honolulu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 reached | nsubj:pass |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 centre | punct |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 33 centre | det |
| 33 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 Honolulu | appos |
| 34 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 traffic | case |
| 35 | traffic | traffic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 centre | nmod |
| 36 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 science | cc |
| 37 | science | science | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 traffic | conj |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 Honolulu | punct |
| 39 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 41 reached | aux:pass |
| 40 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 41 reached | advmod |
| 41 | reached | reach | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 reached | parataxis |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 44 day | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 day | det |
| 44 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 reached | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 distant | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | present | the near harbor at Hilo | one miles obl:unmarked; distant property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | reach | may · passive | railroad and a good drive way | harbor | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | reach | present · passive | Honolulu | day | easily property | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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