Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Foundation of the Observatory, sentence 88
The cellar was dug through 5½ feet of ash and pumice which make the surface soil.
Who acts: 5 ½ feet, ash · What happens: dig, make · To what, where: cellar, surface soil
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Foundation of the Observatory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (5 ½ feet, ash), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 cellar | det |
| 2 | cellar | cellar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 dug | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 dug | aux:pass |
| 4 | dug | dig | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | through | through | ADP | _ | 8 feet | case |
| 6 | 5 | 5 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 8 feet | nummod |
| 7 | ½ | ½ | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 feet | compound |
| 8 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 dug | obl:agent |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 ash | case |
| 10 | ash | ash | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 feet | nmod |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 pumice | cc |
| 12 | pumice | pumice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 ash | conj |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 make | nsubj |
| 14 | make | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 10 ash | acl:relcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 soil | det |
| 16 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 soil | compound |
| 17 | soil | soil | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 make | obj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 dug | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dig | past · passive | 5 ½ feet of ash and pumice | the cellar | vn poke-19-1-1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | present | ash and pumice | the surface soil | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset soil=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/29/88/