Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 23
Again, the Polynesian language is but one member of that wide-spread family of languages, known as the Malayo-Polynesian or Oceanic family, which extends from Madagascar to the Hawaiian Islands and from New Zealand to Formosa.
Who acts: Polynesian language, Malayo Polynesian · What happens: be, spread, know, extend · To what, where: one member, Hawaiian Islands, Madagascar
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Polynesian language, Malayo Polynesian), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Again | again | ADV | _ | 9 member | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Again | punct |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 language | det |
| 4 | Polynesian | polynesian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 language | amod |
| 5 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 member | nsubj |
| 6 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 member | cop |
| 7 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 member | cc |
| 8 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 9 member | nummod |
| 9 | member | member | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 family | case |
| 11 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 15 family | nsubj |
| 12 | wide | wide | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 family | amod |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 wide | punct |
| 14 | spread | spread | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 family | amod |
| 15 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 member | nmod |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 languages | case |
| 17 | languages | language | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 family | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 known | punct |
| 19 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 member | parataxis |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 Polynesian | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 Polynesian | det |
| 22 | Malayo | Malayo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Polynesian | compound |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 Malayo | punct |
| 24 | Polynesian | Polynesian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 known | obl |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 family | cc |
| 26 | Oceanic | Oceanic | PROPN | Number=Sing | 27 family | compound |
| 27 | family | family | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 Polynesian | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 extends | punct |
| 29 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 extends | nsubj |
| 30 | extends | extend | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 24 Polynesian | acl:relcl |
| 31 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 Madagascar | case |
| 32 | Madagascar | Madagascar | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 extends | obl |
| 33 | to | to | ADP | _ | 36 Islands | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 Islands | det |
| 35 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Islands | compound |
| 36 | Islands | Island | PROPN | Number=Plur | 30 extends | obl |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 Zealand | cc |
| 38 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 Zealand | case |
| 39 | New | New | PROPN | Number=Sing | 40 Zealand | flat |
| 40 | Zealand | Zealand | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Islands | conj |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 42 Formosa | case |
| 42 | Formosa | Formosa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 Islands | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 member | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the Polynesian language | one member | again | of wide spread family that of languages | tree rules | ||
| 2 | spread | participle | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | know | participle | as the Malayo Polynesian or Oceanic family | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer as polynesian=Attribute | |||||
| 4 | extend | present | the Malayo Polynesian or Oceanic family | the Hawaiian Islands to Formosa and New Zealand | Madagascar | vn contribute-13.2-2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to island=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/31/23/