Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Polynesian Language, sentence 7
As has been well observed by M. Gaussin, there are three classes of words, corresponding to as many different stages of language: first, those that express sensations; second, images; third, abstract ideas.
Who acts: M., that · What happens: observe, correspond, sensation, be · To what, where: images
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Polynesian Language. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (M., that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 5 observed | mark |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 observed | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 observed | aux:pass |
| 4 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 5 observed | advmod |
| 5 | observed | observe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 are | advcl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 7 M. | case |
| 7 | M. | M. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 observed | obl:agent |
| 8 | Gaussin | Gaussin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 M. | flat |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 observed | punct |
| 10 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 11 are | expl |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 35 images | cop |
| 12 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 classes | nummod |
| 13 | classes | class | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 are | nsubj |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 words | case |
| 15 | words | word | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 classes | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 corresponding | punct |
| 17 | corresponding | correspond | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 classes | conj |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 stages | case |
| 19 | as | as | ADV | _ | 20 many | advmod |
| 20 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 stages | amod |
| 21 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 stages | amod |
| 22 | stages | stage | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 corresponding | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 language | case |
| 24 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 stages | nmod |
| 25 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 26 first | punct |
| 26 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 17 corresponding | advmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 sensations | punct |
| 28 | those | that | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 31 sensations | det |
| 29 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 31 sensations | nsubj |
| 30 | express | express | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 sensations | amod |
| 31 | sensations | sensation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 classes | conj |
| 32 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 images | punct |
| 33 | second | second | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 35 images | advmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 second | punct |
| 35 | images | image | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 36 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 37 third | punct |
| 37 | third | third | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 35 images | amod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 ideas | punct |
| 39 | abstract | abstract | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 ideas | amod |
| 40 | ideas | idea | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 third | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 images | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | observe | present · perfect · passive | M. | well property | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | correspond | gerund | to many different stages of language; first property | vn correspond-36.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | sensation | that | tree rules | ||||||
| 4 | is a | present | images | second property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/31/7/