Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Ai-laau, the Forest Eater, sentence 20
They are called “The Pit Craters” because they are not hills of lava, but a series of sunken pits going deep down into the earth, some of them still having blowholes of sputtering steam and smoke.
Who acts: legends, sunken pits, series, blowholes · What happens: call, not be, go, have, sputter · To what, where: legends, hills, earth, blowholes, steam · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Ai-laau, the Forest Eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (legends, sunken pits, series, blowholes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 called | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 called | aux:pass |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Craters | punct |
| 5 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 Craters | det |
| 6 | Pit | Pit | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Craters | compound |
| 7 | Craters | Crater | PROPN | Number=Plur | 3 called | obl |
| 8 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 Craters | punct |
| 9 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 13 hills | mark |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 hills | nsubj |
| 11 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 hills | cop |
| 12 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 hills | advmod |
| 13 | hills | hill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 called | xcomp |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 lava | case |
| 15 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 hills | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 having | punct |
| 17 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 having | cc |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 series | det |
| 19 | series | series | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 having | nsubj |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 pits | case |
| 21 | sunken | sunken | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 pits | amod |
| 22 | pits | pit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 series | nmod |
| 23 | going | go | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 22 pits | acl |
| 24 | deep | deep | ADV | _ | 25 down | advmod |
| 25 | down | down | ADV | _ | 23 going | advmod |
| 26 | into | into | ADP | _ | 28 earth | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 earth | det |
| 28 | earth | earth | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 going | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 having | punct |
| 30 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 34 having | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 them | case |
| 32 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 some | nmod |
| 33 | still | still | ADV | _ | 34 having | advmod |
| 34 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 called | advcl |
| 35 | blowholes | blowhole | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 having | obj |
| 36 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 37 sputtering | mark |
| 37 | sputtering | sputter | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 35 blowholes | acl |
| 38 | steam | steam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 sputtering | obj |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 smoke | cc |
| 40 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 steam | conj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 called | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | present · passive | legends = legend | the Pit Craters obl | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | not is a | present | legends = legend | hills | of lava | tree rules | |||
| 3 | go | gerund | sunken pits not said here | the earth | down property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into earth=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | have | gerund | a series of sunken pits | blowholes | still | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blowhole=Patient | |||
| 5 | sputter | gerund | blowholes not said here | steam and smoke | vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location steam=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/4/20/