Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Ai-laau, the Forest Eater, sentence 29
He had seen her toiling down by the sea at Ke-ahi-a-laka.
Who acts: laau · What happens: see, toil down · To what, where: Pele, laka
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Ai-laau, the Forest Eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (laau), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 seen | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 seen | aux |
| 3 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 seen | obj |
| 5 | toiling | toil | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 seen | advcl |
| 6 | down | down | ADP | _ | 5 toiling | compound:prt |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 9 sea | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sea | det |
| 9 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 toiling | obl |
| 10 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 laka | case |
| 11 | Ke | Ke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 laka | nsubj |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 11 Ke | punct |
| 13 | ahi | ahi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 laka | nsubj |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 17 laka | punct |
| 15 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 laka | det |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 15 a | punct |
| 17 | laka | laka | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 toiling | obl |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 seen | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past · perfect | laau | Pele | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer she=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | toil down | gerund | laau not said here | a laka Ke ahi | by the sea | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by sea=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/4/29/