Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Ai-laau, the Forest Eater, sentence 7
He was the god of the insatiable appetite, the continual eater of trees, whose path through forests was covered with black smoke fragrant with burning wood, and sometimes burdened with the smell of human flesh charred into cinders in the lava flow.
Who acts: laau, human flesh · What happens: be, cover, burn, burden, char, smell · To what, where: god, smell, cinders
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Ai-laau, the Forest Eater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (laau, human flesh), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 god | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 god | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 god | det |
| 4 | god | god | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 appetite | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 appetite | det |
| 7 | insatiable | insatiable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 appetite | amod |
| 8 | appetite | appetite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 god | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 eater | punct |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 eater | det |
| 11 | continual | continual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 eater | amod |
| 12 | eater | eater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 god | appos |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 trees | case |
| 14 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 eater | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 path | punct |
| 16 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 17 path | nmod:poss |
| 17 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 eater | conj |
| 18 | through | through | ADP | _ | 19 forests | case |
| 19 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 path | nmod |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 covered | aux:pass |
| 21 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 22 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 smoke | case |
| 23 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 smoke | amod |
| 24 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 covered | obl |
| 25 | fragrant | fragrant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 smoke | amod |
| 26 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 wood | case |
| 27 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 wood | amod |
| 28 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 fragrant | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 burdened | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 32 burdened | cc |
| 31 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 32 burdened | advmod |
| 32 | burdened | burden | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 covered | conj |
| 33 | with | with | ADP | _ | 35 smell | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 smell | det |
| 35 | smell | smell | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 burdened | obl |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 38 flesh | case |
| 37 | human | human | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 flesh | amod |
| 38 | flesh | flesh | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 smell | nmod |
| 39 | charred | char | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 smell | acl |
| 40 | into | into | ADP | _ | 41 cinders | case |
| 41 | cinders | cinder | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 charred | obl |
| 42 | in | in | ADP | _ | 45 flow | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 flow | det |
| 44 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 flow | compound |
| 45 | flow | flow | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 charred | obl |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | laau | the god | of the insatiable appetite; the continual eater of trees and the continual eater of trees and the continual eater's path through forests's path through forests appos | tree rules | |||
| 2 | cover | past · passive | the god | with black smoke | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with smoke=Theme | ||||
| 3 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | burden | participle | with the smell of human flesh; sometimes property | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: agent=Agent with smell=Theme | |||||
| 5 | char | participle | the smell of human flesh not said here | into cinders result; in the lava flow | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V PP.result PP.instrument»: agent=Patient into cinder=Result in flow=Instrument | ||||
| 6 | smell | human flesh | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/4/7/