Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), How Pele Came to Hawaii, sentence 111
Flames thrusting themselves through cracks in a breaking lava crust were the fire-spears of Pele’s household of au-makuas or ghost-gods.
Who acts: Flames · What happens: thrust, be · To what, where: flames, cracks, fire spears
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, How Pele Came to Hawaii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Flames), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 spears | nsubj |
| 2 | thrusting | thrust | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Flames | acl |
| 3 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 2 thrusting | obj |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 5 cracks | case |
| 5 | cracks | crack | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 thrusting | obl |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 10 crust | case |
| 7 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 crust | det |
| 8 | breaking | breaking | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 crust | compound |
| 9 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 crust | compound |
| 10 | crust | crust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cracks | nmod |
| 11 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 spears | cop |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 spears | det |
| 13 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 spears | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 fire | punct |
| 15 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 household | case |
| 17 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 household | nmod:poss |
| 18 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 17 Pele | case |
| 19 | household | household | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 spears | nmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 makuas | case |
| 21 | au | au | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 makuas | compound |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 21 au | punct |
| 23 | makuas | makua | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 household | nmod |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 27 gods | cc |
| 25 | ghost | ghost | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 gods | compound |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 25 ghost | punct |
| 27 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 makuas | conj |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 15 spears | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | thrust | gerund | Flames not said here | flames = flame | cracks in a breaking lava crust | vn carry-11.4-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme | |||
| 2 | is a | past | Flames | the fire spears | of Pele's household of au makuas or ghost gods | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/5/111/