Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Owl Ghost-god, sentence 16
Kau was one of the most skilful of all chiefs in what was known as “spear practice.”
Who acts: Kau · What happens: be, know · To what, where: one
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Owl Ghost-god. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Kau), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kau | Kau | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 one | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 one | cop |
| 3 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 skilful | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 skilful | det |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 skilful | advmod |
| 7 | skilful | skilful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 one | nmod |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 chiefs | case |
| 9 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 10 chiefs | det |
| 10 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 skilful | obl |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 what | case |
| 12 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 10 chiefs | nmod |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 known | aux:pass |
| 14 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 what | acl:relcl |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 practice | case |
| 16 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 practice | punct |
| 17 | spear | spear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 practice | compound |
| 18 | practice | practice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 known | obl |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 one | punct |
| 20 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 one | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | Kau | one | of the skilful of all chiefs | tree rules | |||
| 2 | know | past · passive | as spear practice | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: as practice=Attribute |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/6/16/