Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Owl Ghost-god, sentence 27
Stones and spears beat upon him, but he broke the coco-fibre cords of the ikoi and again drove the warriors before him, trying to gain the house where the wounded chief Kau was lying.
Who acts: Stones, Pii, wounded chief · What happens: beat, break, drive, try, gain, lie · To what, where: coco fibre cords, warriors, house
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Owl Ghost-god. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Stones, Pii, wounded chief), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 beat | nsubj |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 3 spears | cc |
| 3 | spears | spear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 1 Stones | conj |
| 4 | beat | beat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 6 him | case |
| 6 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 beat | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 broke | punct |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 10 broke | cc |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 broke | nsubj |
| 10 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 beat | parataxis |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 cords | det |
| 12 | coco | Coco | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 cords | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 coco | punct |
| 14 | fibre | fibre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cords | compound |
| 15 | cords | cord | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 broke | obj |
| 16 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 ikoi | case |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 ikoi | det |
| 18 | ikoi | ikoi | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 cords | nmod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 drove | cc |
| 20 | again | again | ADV | _ | 21 drove | advmod |
| 21 | drove | drive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 broke | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 warriors | det |
| 23 | warriors | warrior | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 drove | obj |
| 24 | before | before | ADP | _ | 25 him | case |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 drove | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 trying | punct |
| 27 | trying | try | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 drove | advcl |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 gain | mark |
| 29 | gain | gain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 trying | xcomp |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 house | det |
| 31 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 gain | obj |
| 32 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 38 lying | advmod |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 chief | det |
| 34 | wounded | wounded | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 chief | amod |
| 35 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 lying | nsubj |
| 36 | Kau | Kau | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 chief | appos |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 lying | aux |
| 38 | lying | lie | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 31 house | acl:relcl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 beat | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | beat | present | Stones and spears | upon Pii | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Location | ||||
| 2 | break | past | Pii | the coco fibre cords of the ikoi | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer cord=Patient | ||||
| 3 | drive | past | Pii not said here | the warriors | before Pii; again | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent warrior=Theme before he=Destination | |||
| 4 | try | gerund | Pii not said here | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 5 | gain not said to happen | to-infinitive | Pii not said here | the house | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent house=Theme | ||||
| 6 | lie | past · progressive | the wounded chief | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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