Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Owl Ghost-god, sentence 45
The giant called to his au-makua to fly to the mountains, and then, suddenly changing himself into his dragon form, he dashed up the precipice toward his home.
Who acts: giant, flash · What happens: call, fly, change, dash up, form · To what, where: giant, au makua, flash, dragon form, precipice, home · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Owl Ghost-god. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (giant, flash), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 giant | det |
| 2 | giant | giant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dashed | nsubj |
| 3 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 giant | acl |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 makua | case |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 makua | nmod:poss |
| 6 | au | au | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 makua | compound |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 6 au | punct |
| 8 | makua | makua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 called | obl |
| 9 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 fly | mark |
| 10 | fly | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 makua | acl |
| 11 | to | to | ADP | _ | 13 mountains | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 mountains | det |
| 13 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 fly | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 changing | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 changing | cc |
| 16 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 19 changing | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 then | punct |
| 18 | suddenly | suddenly | ADV | _ | 19 changing | advmod |
| 19 | changing | change | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 giant | conj |
| 20 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 19 changing | obj |
| 21 | into | into | ADP | _ | 24 form | case |
| 22 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 form | nmod:poss |
| 23 | dragon | dragon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 form | compound |
| 24 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 changing | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 giant | punct |
| 26 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 dashed | nsubj |
| 27 | dashed | dash | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 28 | up | up | ADP | _ | 27 dashed | compound:prt |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 precipice | det |
| 30 | precipice | precipice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dashed | obj |
| 31 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 33 home | case |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 home | nmod:poss |
| 33 | home | home | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 dashed | obl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 27 dashed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | participle | the giant not said here | flash's au makua | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to makua=Recipient | ||||
| 2 | fly | to-infinitive | to the mountains result | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to mountain=Result | |||||
| 3 | change | gerund | the giant not said here | flash | then | into flash's dragon form result; suddenly property | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent himself=Patient into form=Result | ||
| 4 | dash up | past | the giant | the precipice | flash's home | flash nsubj | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent precipice=Theme toward home=Trajectory | ||
| 5 | form | flash | nom form «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/6/45/