Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 28
These, according to the best theories, were made by immense floods of lava pouring down upon large forests of living trees.
Who acts: immense floods, lava · What happens: accord, make, pour down, flood · To what, where: best theories
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (immense floods, lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 theories | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 theories | punct |
| 3 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 theories | case |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 3 according | fixed |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 theories | det |
| 6 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 7 theories | amod |
| 7 | theories | theory | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 made | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 theories | punct |
| 9 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 made | aux:pass |
| 10 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 13 floods | case |
| 12 | immense | immense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 floods | amod |
| 13 | floods | flood | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 made | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 lava | case |
| 15 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 floods | nmod |
| 16 | pouring | pour | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 lava | acl |
| 17 | down | down | ADV | _ | 16 pouring | advmod |
| 18 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 20 forests | case |
| 19 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 forests | amod |
| 20 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 pouring | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 trees | case |
| 22 | living | living | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 trees | amod |
| 23 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 forests | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 10 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | make | past · passive | immense floods of lava | the best theories These | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product | ||||
| 3 | pour down | gerund | lava not said here | upon large forests of living trees; down property | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Source | ||||
| 4 | flood | lava | nom flood «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/8/28/