Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 40
He challenged the neighboring chiefs to personal contests of many kinds and almost always was the victor.
Who acts: AHI · What happens: challenge, neighbor, be, contest · To what, where: neighboring chiefs, victor, many kinds
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (AHI), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 challenged | nsubj |
| 2 | challenged | challenge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 chiefs | det |
| 4 | neighboring | neighbor | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 chiefs | amod |
| 5 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 challenged | obj |
| 6 | to | to | ADP | _ | 8 contests | case |
| 7 | personal | personal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 contests | amod |
| 8 | contests | contest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 challenged | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 kinds | case |
| 10 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 kinds | amod |
| 11 | kinds | kind | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 contests | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 victor | cc |
| 13 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 14 always | advmod |
| 14 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 17 victor | advmod |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 victor | cop |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 victor | det |
| 17 | victor | victor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 contests | conj |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 challenged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | challenge | past | AHI | the neighboring chiefs | to personal contests of many kinds and the victor | tree rules | |||
| 2 | neighbor | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | is a | past | AHI not said here | the victor | always property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | contest | many kinds | nom contest «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/8/40/