Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 80
The remnants of forests were also covered with clouds of smoke through which darted the flashing flames which climbed to the tops of the tallest trees.
Who acts: smoke, flashing flames · What happens: cover, dart, climb, cloud · To what, where: remnants, flashing flames, tops, smoke
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (smoke, flashing flames), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 remnants | det |
| 2 | remnants | remnant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 covered | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 forests | case |
| 4 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 remnants | nmod |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 covered | aux:pass |
| 6 | also | also | ADV | _ | 7 covered | advmod |
| 7 | covered | cover | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | with | with | ADP | _ | 9 clouds | case |
| 9 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 covered | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 smoke | case |
| 11 | smoke | smoke | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 clouds | nmod |
| 12 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 which | case |
| 13 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 14 darted | nsubj |
| 14 | darted | dart | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 smoke | acl:relcl |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 flames | det |
| 16 | flashing | flashing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 flames | compound |
| 17 | flames | flame | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 darted | obj |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 19 climbed | nsubj |
| 19 | climbed | climb | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 flames | acl:relcl |
| 20 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 tops | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 tops | det |
| 22 | tops | top | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 climbed | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 trees | case |
| 24 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 trees | det |
| 25 | tallest | tall | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 26 trees | amod |
| 26 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 tops | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 covered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cover | past · passive | the remnants of forests | with clouds of smoke | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination with cloud=Theme | ||||
| 2 | dart | past | smoke | the flashing flames | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flame=Agent | ||||
| 3 | climb | past | the flashing flames | the tops of the tallest trees | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme to top=Destination | ||||
| 4 | cloud | smoke | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/8/80/