Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 91
He defied her, caught his surf-board, threw it on a wave as it struck the encircling wall, then leaped on his board and launched out on the fire-waves.
Who acts: cone, board · What happens: defy, catch, throw, strike, encircle, leap · To what, where: chief, surf board, board, wave, encircling wall, fire waves
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (cone, board), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 defied | nsubj |
| 2 | defied | defy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | her | she | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 defied | obj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 caught | punct |
| 5 | caught | catch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 defied | conj |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 board | nmod:poss |
| 7 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 board | compound |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 7 surf | punct |
| 9 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 caught | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 threw | punct |
| 11 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 defied | parataxis |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 threw | obj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 wave | case |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 wave | det |
| 15 | wave | wave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 threw | obl |
| 16 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 18 struck | mark |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 struck | nsubj |
| 18 | struck | strike | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 threw | advcl |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 wall | det |
| 20 | encircling | encircle | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 21 wall | amod |
| 21 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 struck | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 leaped | punct |
| 23 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 leaped | advmod |
| 24 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 21 wall | acl |
| 25 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 board | case |
| 26 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 27 board | nmod:poss |
| 27 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 leaped | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 launched | cc |
| 29 | launched | launch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 struck | conj |
| 30 | out | out | ADP | _ | 29 launched | compound:prt |
| 31 | on | on | ADP | _ | 35 waves | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 waves | det |
| 33 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 waves | compound |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 fire | punct |
| 35 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 launched | obl |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 defied | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | defy | past | cone | chief | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | catch | past | cone not said here | cone's surf board | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Theme | ||||
| 3 | throw | past | board | a wave | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent it=Theme on wave=Destination | ||||
| 4 | strike | past | board | the encircling wall | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Patient | ||||
| 5 | encircle | gerund | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | leap | participle | the encircling wall not said here | cone's board | then | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on board=Trajectory | |||
| 7 | launch out | past | board not said here | the fire waves | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent on wave=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/8/91/