Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and the Chiefs of Puna, sentence 96
The chief and his surf-board were tossed up in a whirlpool of fire.
Who acts: fire · What happens: toss up, whirlpool · To what, where: chief, whirlpool
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and the Chiefs of Puna. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fire), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 chief | det |
| 2 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 tossed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 board | cc |
| 4 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 board | nmod:poss |
| 5 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 board | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 surf | punct |
| 7 | board | board | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 chief | conj |
| 8 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 tossed | aux:pass |
| 9 | tossed | toss | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 10 | up | up | ADP | _ | 9 tossed | compound:prt |
| 11 | in | in | ADP | _ | 13 whirlpool | case |
| 12 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 whirlpool | det |
| 13 | whirlpool | whirlpool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 tossed | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 fire | case |
| 15 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 whirlpool | nmod |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 tossed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | toss up | past · passive | the chief and cone's surf board | a whirlpool of fire | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme in whirlpool=Destination | ||||
| 2 | whirlpool | fire | nom whirlpool «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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